Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum liefting et al. The disease was first reported in the united states in 2004. Plants free fulltext mycorrhization mitigates disease caused by. Plant diseases associated with candidatus liberibacter. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum, associated with plants. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearumpositive psyllidspecimenstotal of analyzed specimens total captured b the three positive specimens belong to bactericera sp. Liberibacter does not encode a type iii secretion system, and much remains to be learned about critical virulence factors and determinants that enable ca. Marianne loiseau 1, soraya garnier2, violaine boirin3, maryse merieau4, anne leguay1, isabelle renaudin 1, jeanphilippe renvoise 2, pascal gentit 1, francoise poliakoff1 1 anses lsv angers, 7 rue jean dixmeras, 49044 angers cedex 01, france.
Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum the cause of zebra chip disease in potato. Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus and candidatus liberibacter americanus are transmitted by the adults of the citrus psyllid diaphorina citri kuwayana. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum is a bacterium which infects capsicums, carrots, celery, parsley, potatoes and tomatoes. A survey of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in. While testing collections of apiaceous seeds, monger and jeffries 2017 detected the bacterium in seeds coming from countries that had not reported it. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum lso is a phloemlimited. Liberibacter solanacearum could be wider than that which has been reported. Mitigation strategies require elucidating whether these pathogens survive in the weeds of these apiaceae crops, which can act as reservoirs.
Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum lso is bacterium transmitted by psyllids to solanaceae and apiaceae plants. It causes significant yield reductions and renders french fries or potato crisps unmarketable figure 1. Bactericera cockerelli and candidatus liberibacter solanacearum. Liberibacter species are associated with plant disease. It describes how the plant health service for england will respond if the solanaceous haplotypes of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum lso andor their psyllid vector bactericera cockerelli, which together constitute the zebra chip complex, are discovered on. The complete genome sequence of candidatus liberibacter. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum calsol associated. Symptoms of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum symptoms of the candidatus liberibacter solanacearum bacterium on potatoes, tomatoes, capsicums and chillies may look similar to other plant conditions. The term candidatus indicates that it has not proved possible to maintain this bacterium in culture. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum calsol is an emerging bacterium, which is seedborne in carrot bertolini et al. Multiplex realtime pcr for detection, identification and quantification of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in potato plants with zebra chip.
Download document download document 2015 pest risk assessment. Solanaceae in north america and new zealand, and is the putative causal agent of. The bacteria can be acquired by the insects in the nymphal stages and may be transmitted throughout the lifespan. Candidatus liberibacter is a genus of gramnegative bacteria in the rhizobiaceae family. Detection, distribution, and genetic variability of. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum was detected in imported parsley seed in 2017.
Clpsy was not described and validly published, and no reference material is available, while clso was validly published and reference material is available 21,32,44,55. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non. Although only small quantities of each seed accession was tested, a high proportion of commercial. From this, only an alignment to a bp segment of the hyv i gene was indicated. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum lso is a phloemlimited, gramnegative, unculturable bacterium that is primarily spread by psyllid insect vectors. Transmission of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in.
Polymerase chain reaction pcr primer pairs oa2oi2c and lsofoi2c, speci. Lsofree and lsoinfected potato psyllid colonies were established at the. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum ponte project. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum invasive species. The accessions dated from the 1970s and the seed had been sourced worldwide. Invasive species list and scorecards for california. This document is pp320, one of a series of the plant pathology department, ufifas extension. Mycorrhization mitigates disease caused by candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in tomato. Transmission tests of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum by carrot seeds m. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum haplotypes c, d and e can infect carrot, celery, chervil, fennel and parsnip. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum libepsdocuments. General features of the candidatus liberibacter solanacearum genome and comparison to ca.
Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum and its vector bactericera cockerelli. The occurrence of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum lso was determined in commercial and wild species of the family apiaceae, obtained from three seed collections held in the united kingdom. Pest information candidatus liberibacter solanacearum is a phloemlimited, gramnegative, unculturable bacterium that is associated with several emerging diseases. An unknown liberibacter species was detected by pcr in an ornamental rutaceous tree, cape chestnut calodendrum capense, in south africa. Risk assessment of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum. Documents about candidatus liberibacter solanacearum libeps number title download. Multiplex realtime pcr for detection, identification and. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum is an exotic pest to australia.
General information about candidatus liberibacter solanacearum libeps name authority. It can affect both solanaceous and apiaceous crops. First report of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum, associated with plants in the family solanaceae lia w. Jeffries science and advice for scottish agriculture sasa, roddinglaw road, edinburgh, eh12 9fj, united kingdom email. First report of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in parsley petroselinum crispum seed w. Sep, 2017 the occurrence of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum lso was determined in commercial and wild species of the family apiaceae, obtained from three seed collections held in the united kingdom. A protocol for the specific detection and quantification of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in carrot seeds using realtime pcr was developed. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum libepsoverview. Pm100228 eppo a1 and a2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests 2019.
Report of a pest risk analysis for candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum by carrot seeds. Epidemiology and diagnosis of potato phytoplasmas and candidatus liberibacter solanacearum and their contribution to risk management in potato and other crops phylib edinburgh, 12 october, 2014. Candidatus liberibacter virtual issue aps journals. It does not constitute a detailed pest risk analysis pra but includes. There are multiple psyllid species present in the state of florida that look similar to the potato psyllid, thus identification of this vector can be difficult and should. Introduction the symptoms on peppers include stunted growth, and. Genetic diversity of cadidatus liberibacter solanacearum. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum is found in all states west of the rocky mountains, kansas and in texas. Dp 21 diagnostic protocols for regulated pests dp 212 international plant protection convention 1. Liberibacter bacteria contain very few virulence factors compared with free living plantpathogenic bacteria. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum haplotypes d and e.
Liberibacter solanacearum candidatus liberibacter solanacearum was discovered in 2008 by a nz team led by dr lia liefting maf. However, they were imported through a supplier in italy. Information from this research will help carrot producers reduce damage caused by ca. Liberibacter solanacearum 21 be the preferred species name. This pest specific response plan has been prepared by the defra risk and policy team. Colonization and intrusive invasion of potato psyllid by candidatus liberibacter solanacearum. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum and tpp agriculture. No phytoplasmas or spiroplasmas were detected in carrot or psyllid samples by pcr.
Multiplex realtime pcr for detection, identification and quantification of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in potato plants with zebra chip author links open overlay panel wenbin li a jorge a. Distribution of candidatus liberibacter species in eastern. Specific scope this standard describes a diagnostic protocol for candidatus liberibacter solanacearum, and for its detection in the psyllid. The specificity and sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction pcr primers developed for candidatus liberibacter solanacearum and candidatus liberibacter psyllaurous were evaluated in. In june 2103, candidatus liberibacter solanacearum clso haplotype a was detected in tomato plants solanum lycopersicon with yellowing symptoms growing on norfolk island, nonselfgoverning external australian territory in the western pacific ocean. Exclusion of infected seeds is mandatory to prevent the introduction and the establishment of calsol in new areas, such as italy. An emerging pathogen infecting potato and tomato1 binoy babu, mathews l. It is considered very invasive due to its ability to be transported primarily in infective psyllids munyaneza et al. There are five haplotypes described within this species, designated lsoa and lsob from solanaceous plants in north america, and lsoc, lsod, and lsoe from carrots and celery in europe. Improved realtime pcr detection of candidatus liberibacter. Secor e ingming lee f yongping duan g laurene levy a. Government news is australias independent online publication reporting on government in australia. Haplotypes a and b are present in the americas andor new zealand, where they are vectored to solanaceous plants by the potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli sulc hemiptera.
We provide independent coverage of local, state and federal government and their administration of programs and initiatives. Detection of candidatus liberibacter asiaticus causing. Liberibacter species are gramnegative, phloemlimited, and psyllidvectored bacteria belonging to the rhizobiaceae family of. Genomic sequence of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum. First report of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in carrot in france. A polymerase chain reaction pcr with specific primers.
Tomato potato psyllid tpp can carry a bacterium called candidatus liberibacter solanacearum sometimes known as clso or calsol which is associated with the zebra chip disease in potatoes. Following the detection of tpp in western australia, there has been extensive testing of tpp and plant material for the candidatus liberibacter solanacearum bacteria. Currently, the main arthropod vectored pathogens associated with carrot and celery crop diseases are. Liberibacter solanacearum is a causal agent of zebra chip disease in potatoes and vectored by the potato tomato psyllid bactericera cockerelli. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum calsol associated with apiaceous crops current situation a bacterial plant pathogen, candidatus liberibacter solanacearum calsol, has been detected in the italian giant variety of imported parsley seed. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum proteobacteria is an important pathogen of solanaceous crops solanales. Candidatusliberibactersolanacearum archives government. Czech republic, denmark, egypt, japan, lebanon, the netherlands and syria. Although only small quantities of each seed accession was tested, a high proportion of commercial carrot seed lots. Nov 10, 2015 candidatus liberibacter solanacearum proteobacteria is an important pathogen of solanaceous crops solanales. Given recent association of liberibacter with several crops affected by psyllids, an investigation on whether this bacterium is associated with t. Liberibacter solanacearum lso andor their psyllid vector bactericera cockerelli, which together constitute the zebra chip complex, are discovered on potato plants solanum tuberosum, tomato solanum lycopersicum, pepper capsicum annum, aubergine solanum melongena or other solanaceous hosts1 in glasshouses in england. Disease caused by the bacterial pathogen candidatus liberibacter solanacearum lso represents a. Transmission tests of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum.
Members of the genus are plant pathogens mostly transmitted by psyllids. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum infects pepper plants. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum associated with imported carrot seeds for sowing. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum, associated with. Pm 7143 1 candidatus liberibacter solanacearum 2020 eppo. It was subsequently found to be the cause of the debilitating potato disease zebra chip that has affected the usa industry since 2000. Liberibacter asiaticus and liberibacter americanus are transmitted by the adults of the citrus psyllid d. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum calsol is a phloemlimited bacterium that is the causal agent of the potato disease zebra chip. Because of the genomic and serological properties the bacterium was assigned as a subspecies of the african hlb species and given the name candidatus liberibacter africanus subsp.
The fastidious nature of these pathogens has hindered the study. Secor ga, rivera vv, abad ja, lee im, clover grg, liefting lw et al. Detection of the liberibacters is based on pcr amplification of their 16s rrna gene with specific primers. Rapid pest risk analysis for candidatus liberibacter. Rapid pest risk analysis for candidatus liberibacter solanacearum. Monitoring for a potential pathogen in florida potato and.
Pdf transmission of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum. Arthropods in relation to plant disease association of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum with the psyllid, trioza apicalis hemiptera. The disease was first seen in potato in mexico and parts of central america in the 1990s and then was spread to southern states of the us by its vector, the tomatopotato psyllid bactericera cockerelli and also into new zealand possibly with. Individual psyllids carrying haplotypes b or ab and those free of lso copiously reproduced on all three hosts, and leaf tissue from each plant. Colonization and intrusive invasion of potato psyllid by. This document is pp320, one of a series of the plant pathology department, ufifas extensi. Liberibacter species is likely to continue with the application of new technologies such as nextgeneration sequencing.
Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum lso is a phloemrestricted plant pathogen that is. Pathogenfree potato plants were individually exposed to potato psyllid adults collected from a liberibacterinfective psyllid colony. This appears to be only the second record, after new zealand, of clso haplotype a outside north america. Detection of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum in. Assessing the likelihood of transmission of candidatus.
Candidatus liberibacter the bacterial plant pathogen candidatus liberibacter is the causal agent of many important plant diseases such as citrus huanglongbing hlb, also known as citrus greening, and potato zebra chip disease. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum lso has emerged as a serious threat worldwide. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum clso was first described in. Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum associated with imported carrot seeds for sowing pdf, 660 kb. Rapid pest risk analysis for candidatus liberibacter solanacearum this document provides a rapid assessment of the risks posed by the pest to the uk in order to assist risk managers decide on a response to a new or revised pest threat. Pdf horizontal transmission of candidatus liberibacter. A new liberibacter species, candidatus liberibacter solanacearum lso recently associated with the potatotomato psyllidtransmitted diseases in tomato and capsicum in new zealand liefting et al. This pest data sheet provides basic scientific information about candidatus liberibacter solanacearum and the damage it can cause. A r p d association of candidatus liberibacter solanacearum.
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